Upper Piura, province or border of the Chimú state?

Abstract

The history of Upper Piura during the Late Intermediate period has been explained through a narrative that emphasizes Chimú dominance and its role in landscape construction. However, the material correlate of this proposal must to be supported by state architecture that resembles that of other Chimú provinces, rather than by portable material. This will allow us to understand the dominance and territorial administration displayed by the Chimú in the region. Three settlements are examined: El Ala, Pabur Viejo, and Piura [La Vieja]. These sites have previously been associated with the Chimú state based on surface material. Through the combination of photo interpretation, surveys, and archaeological excavations, site plans were produced for comparative analysis with other settlements clearly identified as Chimú. The results show that only El Ala, exhibits the architectural pattern of a Chimú rural center. Pabur Viejo displays Sicán architectural features. Piura [La Vieja] does not display architectural patterns characteristic of a Chimú provincial center. Consequently, it calls into question interpretations that present it as an important Chimú control node. These findings lead us to rethink the nature of the Chimú presence in Alto Piura and its relationship with local groups. Thus, it is proposed that this area was a frontier space for the Chimú state and not a province within its territory.