Incas, Ychsma and Guarco, territoriality and territories

Abstract

The occupation of the Peruvian central-south coast and the formation of social groups along it continue to be central questions regarding the archaeology of the late periods in this region. In this paper, we present the current interpretations of organizational and social divisions that existed throughout the southern central coast during the late period, with particular focus on the use of the concept of territory. These ideas will be contrasted with data from the Cañete Valley, especially the Cerro Azul sites known as “El Huarco” and the Vilcahuasi or Huacones site. Finally, we will ask if the “Guarcos” mentioned in ethnohistoric sources existed. If they did, what was the nature of their relationship with other groups and how did it change when the Incas arrived? These questions aim to bring us closer to understanding the territoriality and nature of the formation of social and cultural groups along the central coast.